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題名 | 從TEU到FEU,世界貨櫃產業的結構變化=From TEU to FEU, a Structural Change in the Composition of World's Container Fleet |
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作者 | 王棟華; 蘇育玲; Wang, Dong-hua; Su, Yuh-ling; |
期刊 | 國立臺灣海洋大學海運學報 |
出版日期 | 20141200 |
卷期 | 23:1 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁次 | 頁1-23 |
分類號 | 557.17 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | TEU20呎貨櫃; FEU40呎貨櫃; 完全替代; 里昂鐵夫成本函數; TEU; FEU; 20ft container; 40ft container; Perfect substitution; Leontief cost functions; |
中文摘要 | 在過去 20 幾年中,世界貨櫃產業的結構經歷了重大的改變。40 呎(FEU)的貨櫃數量在過去20 年中急速的成長。當40 呎的貨櫃運量快速上升,並且多過20 呎(TEU)的運量後,許多參與這個行業的業主已經開始使用FEU 這個名詞,而不再使用TEU 這個用語了。在1990 年時,兩種長度的貨櫃數量個別佔有總世界貨櫃TEU 數的49%左右。1995 年以後,40 呎的FEU 早就取代20 呎的TEU成為貨櫃運輸業界的主流。本文假定上述兩種貨櫃在運送貨物的過程中為完全替代,即托運人既可以以20 呎貨櫃也可以40 呎的貨櫃來運送貨物。本文以線性生產函數(Linear production function)來檢定世界貨櫃產業結構變動的概況,我們發現與線性生產函數以及其所對應的里昂鐵夫成本函數(Leintief cost function)可以被用來充分解釋20 呎貨櫃市佔比率長期下滑的現象。唯按照理論所推論的貨櫃運輸界最終將使用單一一種40 呎貨櫃的論點,因為業界仍有少數特定的運輸需求,使得部分20 呎貨櫃的庫存依然存在。 |
英文摘要 | The world container fleet has undergone a significant change in structure over the past 20 years. The world’s fleet of 40ft containers (FEU) has increased in size over the past twenty years. Many within the industry were already talking in FEU rather than TEU (20ft container) terms, as volumes of 40ft dry freight traffic had risen, and overtaken 20ft moves. The 40ft dry freight container offers shippers the same cube for up to 20% less cost, when compares to a 20ft, although it is less suited to weight cargoes. World Container Census showed that a rising share of the global TEU fleet is 40ft in length, as compared with the shrinking share taken by the 20ft. In 1990, the two sizes were much more in balance, each accounting for around 49% of all TEU. Subsequently, a growing desire on the part of shippers to gain an extra cargo loading space has encouraged many major shipping lines, and their leasing company suppliers, to opt for 40ft high-cube container in a big way. The trend favoring high-cube equipment is even more pronounced for the reefer sector. Accordingly, the FEU has already become more of a reality than the TEU since 1995. By assuming perfect substitution between 40ft and 20ft containers in the process of cargo shipment, this research examines the composition of maritime container fleet, and will apply the linear production function and its corresponding Leontief cost function to explain the industry’s long-run declining share in the 20ft containers. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。