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題名 | 萊豆濕腐病的病原菌特性=Characterization of the Pathogen Causing Choanephora wet rot of Lima Bean in Taiwan |
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作者 | 郭章信; 鍾文全; 張清安; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷期 | 8:3 1999.09[民88.09] |
頁次 | 頁103-110 |
分類號 | 434.2 |
關鍵詞 | 萊豆; 濕腐病; 寄主範圍; Choanephora wet rot; Lima bean; Choanephora cucurbitarum; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 1998 年 8 月於嘉義技術學院附近萊豆苗圃發現萊豆濕腐病, 病原菌經鑑定為 Choanephora cucurhitarum,為臺灣新紀錄病害。 C.cucurbitarum 培養於馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊 脂平板上的菌落為白色,具有許多氣生菌絲,生長後期培養基上會出現淡黃色。氣生菌絲可 產生許多胞囊柄, 直立的抱囊柄頂端產生袍子囊( sporangia )或小型袍子囊( sporangiola )。 袍子囊為球形,產生初期為白色,而後轉為暗褐色,直徑大小在 25-124 μ m,內含有袍襄袍子,袍子囊成熟時,孢囊柄大多向下彎曲。抱囊柄頂端也會形成棍棒狀 泡�堙A 其上再產生 1-6 支棍棒狀的第二次泡囊( secondaryvesicle ),由此產生許多的 小型袍子囊。 小型袍子囊大多為楠圓形,大小為 11 ∼ 13X13 ∼ 20 μ m,基部具圓柱狀 小梗,內含有一個袍囊袍子。抱囊袍子為檻圓形,褐色或淡褐色,袍子壁上有條狀直紋,大 小為 8-12x20 ∼ 24 μ m,袍子兩端具有數條細小無色的附屬絲( appendage )。病原菌 除為害萊豆外,亦可為害本省普遍栽培的菜豆、豇豆等豆類蔬菜。探討溫度對本菌生長與產 抱之影響,發現本菌生長與袍子囊袍子發芽的最適溫度均為 25 ∼ 35 ℃,而最適產生袍子 囊和小型袍子要的溫度則分別是 25 ℃及 15 ℃。比較本菌在 12 種培養基生長與產袍之情 形,發現本菌在馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂與 Czapek-Doxyeastextract agar ( CYA )兩培養基生 長最好,其次為 10 % V8 培養基。在 25 ℃下,最適產生袍子囊的培養基為 10 % V8 及 Carrotaga,而最適產生小型袍子囊的培養基則為 CYA。 |
英文摘要 | A newly documented disease, namely Choanephora wet rot, of lima bean (Phaseolus limensis) caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was found at Chiayi in August 1998. The colonies of the causal fungus grown on potato dextrose agar at 25 C are white in color at early stage of growth with abundant aerial mycelium, but at later stage the color of the medium will turn into pale yellow. Sporangia and sporangiola are readily observed on the tip of upright-like sporangiophores, which are numerous on aerial mycelium. Sporangia spherical in shape, 25- 124 μ m in diameter, white color at young stage but turning to dark brown at maturity. Sporangiola, containing only one spore inside, indehiscent, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 11-13 x 13-20 μ m in size, subtended by a short cylindrical pedicel. Sporangiospores, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid in shape, brown to pale brown in color, 8-12 x 20-24 μ m in size, are characterized with longitudinal striatures on the wall surface and several fine hyaline appendages at both poles. Of the ten leguminous species tested, the fungus also infects snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis). The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and germination of sporangiospores of C. cucurbitarum was found between 25 to 35 ℃, whereas the optimum temperatures for sporangia and sporangiola formation on 10% V8 medium were 25 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively. Of the twelve media tested, potato dextrose agar and Czapek-Dox yeast extract agar are the most favorable ones, followed by 10% V8 medium, for the mycelial growth of the fungus. On the other hand, maximum sporangia formation was observed on 10% V8 medium and carrot agar, while sporangiola formation was observed on Czapek-Dox yeast extract agar. |
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