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題名 | The Prosodic History of Chinese Resultatives=漢語動補結構的歷史韻律語法探究 |
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作者 | 莊會彬; Zhuang, Hui-bin; |
期刊 | 語言暨語言學 |
出版日期 | 20140700 |
卷期 | 15:4 2014.07[民103.07] |
頁次 | 頁575-595 |
分類號 | 802.632 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 動補結構; 清濁別義; 音節音步; 信息結構; Disyllabic foot; Information structure; Resultative; Voicing alternation; |
中文摘要 | 本文從歷史的角度考察了漢語動補結構的由來及發展,並通過歷史韻律語法做出解釋。有證據表明,漢語動補的出現是漢語音節結構變化的結果:先是上古漢語致使前綴 *s-導致了致使動詞的清化,清濁別義由此出現;而後來清濁區別的消失又迫使漢語轉而採用句法手段表達致使義,由此產生了「V NPV」結構。漢語動補的發展又是韻律的要求使然:由於輔音韻尾的脫落,漢語從雙韻素音步逐漸過渡到了雙音節音步,以孤音節形式存在的 V1無法滿足音步要求,只能選擇插入「得」或吸引 V2提升融合,由此產生了「V-得」動補結構以及 V-V動結式。「V-得 NP V」與 V-V動結式兩類動補結構並存的局面則是信息結構的要求所致。 |
英文摘要 | From a historical perspective, this paper shows that resultatives in Modern Chinese are the result of the development of Chinese phonological structures. Initially, due to the devoicing effect of the causative prefix *s-, Old Chinese developed a voicing alternation in intransitive/transitive verbs. Later, the loss of this alternation triggered the appearance of ‘V NP V’ constructions. Owing to the change of its syllabic structures, Chinese witnessed a historic foot shift: namely, a shift from a bimoraic foot to a disyllabic foot. In order to meet the prosodic requirement, ‘V NP V’ constructions in Middle Chinese developed into two forms of resultatives over a long period of time: that is, V-DE constructions and V-V compounds. The reason why both V-DE constructions and V-V compounds can be found in Modern Chinese lies in information structuring. Chinese is an end-focus language, in which the end of a sentence carries the natural focus. The coexistence of V-DE constructions and V-V compounds satisfies the need to express different emphases. |
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