頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 論清代行商制度與貿易發展的關係=The Canton Hong System and Commercial Development in Ching Dynasty: A Study |
---|---|
作 者 | 廖賢娟; | 書刊名 | 大葉大學通識教育學報 |
卷 期 | 7 2011.05[民100.05] |
頁 次 | 頁105-126 |
分類號 | 558.09207 |
關鍵詞 | 行商; 廣州十三行; 粵海關; Hong merchants; Thirteen-Trades Monopoly Guangzhou; Canton Custom; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 摘 要 行商制度作為清朝海外貿易政策的一部分,自康熙開海以來就已確立。在廣州,當時稱為洋貨行,俗稱十三行。從康熙二十五年(1688年)開始建立直到乾隆十六年(1754年)共68年之間,此制度基本上都是為適應開關後對外通商制度的新需要,為便利徵收關稅和保證稅餉的充盈,也使廣東行商形成一個新興的商業資本團體,成為封建官僚在對外貿易上的代理人。清朝通過總商、承商、攬商和保商等項制度加強了對外洋行的控制,它呈現了清朝「以官制商」的用意及「以商制夷」的策略。 |
英文摘要 | Abstract The Canton Hong system has been an integral part in international commerce since Emperor Kangxi, the Ching dynasty. In Guangzhou, the Yang-huo Hang, nicknamed Thirteen-Trade Monopoly, was set up in 1688. Until 1754, the system was to monitor the international commercial interaction, and to promise the demands for costume duties. Cangton Hong merchants have thus become a commercial group, also an agent of the feudal bureaucrat system. The Ching dynasty, by diverse systems to monopoly, handle, invite, and protect business, is therefore likely to control these merchants related. Bureaucratic limitation on business, and commercial limitation on foreign trading, are vital strategies in Ching Dynasty. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。