頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 柳橙果實綠黴病之發生與藥劑防治=Etiology and Control of Fruit Rot of Sweet Orange Caused by Penicillium digitatum |
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作者 | 蔡志濃; 安寶貞; 鄭秀芳; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 60:2 2011.06[民100.06] |
頁次 | 頁139-148 |
分類號 | 433.4 |
關鍵詞 | 柳橙; 綠黴病; 藥劑防治; 克熱淨; Sweet orange; Citrus sinensis; Green mold; Penicillium digitatum; Postharvest disease; Disease control; Iminoctadine triacetate; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 柳橙綠黴病(由Penicillium digitatum引起)是我國柳橙果實最常見的貯藏期病害之一。綠黴病菌菌絲培養於馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養基(PDA)時,4℃以下與36℃以上均不會生長,最適生長溫度為24℃。人工接種試驗結果顯示,柳橙果實經針刺製造傷口,接種綠黴菌分生孢子懸浮液後,分別置於4℃至36℃間隔4℃之定溫箱中7天,結果8℃以下及32℃以上不會發病,24℃發病最早且最嚴重,約第2-3天即發病;但無傷痍處理的果實則完全不發病。藥劑試驗結果顯示,抑制綠黴病菌孢子發芽以25%克熱淨溶液2000倍稀釋液(ai 125 ppm)之效果最好,抑制率為100%;41.8%腐絕水懸劑500倍稀釋液(ai 836 ppm)之效果次之;次氯酸鈉(NaOCl) 300 ppm (ai)及二氧化氯(ClO2) 100 ppm (ai)之效果均不佳。而抑制綠黴菌菌絲生長亦以25%克熱淨溶液2000倍稀釋液之效果最佳,抑制率為100%,其他供試藥劑之效果均差。果實浸藥實驗:不論先接種病原菌再浸藥或者先浸藥再接種病原菌,均以25%克熱淨溶液2000倍稀釋液效果最好,浸泡該藥劑稀釋液後,只要不造成新傷口,於室溫下至少可保護柳橙果實9天以上不被病原菌感染;而且傷痍接種的果實如果在16小時內浸藥,亦可抑制病徵出現。其他供試藥劑,包括腐絕水懸劑500倍稀釋液(ai 836 ppm)及次氯酸鈉(NaOCl) 2000 ppm (ai)皆無防治效果。 |
英文摘要 | Fruit rot or green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is the most common postharvest disease of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis cv. 'Liu-cheng') in Taiwan. A study was conducted to determine effect of temperature on growth of the pathogen and development of fruit rot of sweet orange and effect of fungicide treatment on control of this postharvest disease. Results showed that the minimum, optimum and maximum temperature for mycelial growth of P. digitatum on PDA was 8, 24, and 36℃, respectively. The pathogen infects orange fruits through wounds and incidence of fruit rot was affected by storage temperatures, high incidence of fruit rot at the storage temperature of 24℃ but no fruit rot at the storage temperature above 32℃ or below 12℃. Symptoms of green mold appeared on inoculated fruits after storing at 24℃ for 2-3 days. Among the five fungicides [Iminoctadine triacetate (ai 125 ppm), Thiabendazole (ai 836 ppm), 2,4-Dichloro phenoxcyaceticacid (2,4-D) (25 ppm), sodium hypochloride (2000 ppm), and chloride dioxide (100 ppm)] tested, iminoctadine triacetate at 125 ppm was the most effective fungicide, which completely suppressed mycelial growth of P. digitatum on PDA and inhibited conidial germination in 5% CV-8 juice. Treatment of orange fruits with iminoctadine triacetate at 125 ppm before or after inoculation of P. digitatum also completely prevented the development of fruit rot for 9 days. However, iminoctadine triacetate was ineffective if the chemical was applied after inoculation of P. digitatum for 16 hours or longer. The fungicide thiabendazole at 836 ppm was effective in reducing spore germination of P. digitatum but was ineffective in reducing incidence of fruit rot. This study suggests that prevention of fruit injury, treatment of orange fruits with iminoctadine triacetate, and storage of orange fruits under cool temperature may be necessary for effective control of green mold of sweet orange caused by P. digitatum. |
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