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題名 | 寓制衡於參用:元代基層州縣官員的族群結構分析=An Analysis of the Ethnic Composition and Transfer Routes of County-level Officials in Yuan China |
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作者 | 洪麗珠; Hung, Li Chu; |
期刊 | 中國文化研究所學報 |
出版日期 | 20160100 |
卷期 | 62 2016.01[民105.01] |
頁次 | 頁83-106 |
分類號 | 573.4157 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 州縣官; 族群; 四等人; 色目; 制衡; County-level officials; Ethnic groups; Four grades of people; Semu; Checks and balances; |
英文摘要 | Through a relatively large-scale analysis of the ethnic composition and transfer routes of county-level officials, this study has yielded observations currently not readily available in institutional descriptions. With regard to ethnicity, this study has shown that: (1) there was a high degree of flexibility in the appointment of low-level officials in the conquest dynasty; it adhered less to the common principles concluded by scholars, such as those of hierarchy, checks and balances, and joint appointment. This showed how foreign rule was unable to consolidate its domination; (2) agents (Daruγači) were posts in the lowest stratum of ethnic official appointments by the conquest dynasty, and were largely filled by the Semu people; (3) the ethnic composition of principal officials and assistant magistrates shows that the Yuan court heavily relied on the Han people in low-level civil governance; (4) there was a relatively high percentage of Southern Chinese (nan ren) officials in the South and it was uncommon for the Southern Chinese to serve in the North. This showed a noticeable geographical pattern in terms of appointment and was not observed in institutional descriptions; (5) the impact of the bureaucracy in Han areas on the custom of common property of clans had become more extensive; (6) the gap existing in the opportunities available to the Han people and the Southern Chinese was much larger than that between the Han and the Semu. |
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