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題 名 | "There Is No Such Thing as One-Way Land Bridge": A Biological Reading on Harjo with Hylozoism=「世間豈有單向橋」:從生態觀點探究北美原住民詩人哈喬的物活呈現 |
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作 者 | 羅宜柔; | 書刊名 | 修平人文社會學報 |
卷 期 | 15 2010.09[民99.09] |
頁 次 | 頁19-31 |
分類號 | 874.51 |
關鍵詞 | 哈喬; 物活; 生物界; Harjo; Hylozoism; Biology; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 「物活」(Hylozoism)一詞乃由hyle (物質)和zoe(生命)二字所構成,其中心概念為--物質與生命即構成世界一切,又譯「萬物有生論」。此想法可追溯自希臘時期,當時米利都三哲人(The Milesians): 泰勒斯(Thales)、阿那克西曼德(Anaximander)、阿那克西米尼(Anaximenes)等已發現人之外的生物甚或物質的能量,亦即「人活物亦有生」的想法。此種物活態度恰如北美原住民詩人哈喬 (Joy Harjo) 所言,「世間豈有單向橋」(38),銘刻出人界與物界並非單行單向,而是共生共成於生物迴圈,因此迥異一般人本霸權觀。在物活理念下,哈喬詩集更展現原住民不以人為中心,萬物均有生的生態觀點。因此本文從三個面向討論哈喬詩集中物活展現:一、文字物活:透過哈喬的文字形態與修辭,均可看出哈喬與人本霸權擬人化的樣貌 之間的差異。二、對抗「過度文化」(overculture)的物活:基於物活想法,哈喬譴責科學至上的過度文化,並希冀引以為誡。 三、「生物重量」(bio-weight)的物活:哈喬詩集中處處展現對生物的關懷。米藍.昆德拉感受到人生成的負擔,而有生命不可承受之輕的感嘆,哈喬卻喜悅體驗萬物看似輕無可測,但有實際存在感的生物重量。總而言之,哈喬的詩歌檢視並有助人與物、原住民文學與生態空間的跨界對話,更展現北美原住民多樣生物/生態觀的樣態。 |
英文摘要 | Hylyzoism, combined with hyle (matter) and zoe (life), delineates an anti-anthropocentric theory to argue that every matter, as human being, is life-given and should be equally treated. It has been theorized since the ancient Grecian time by the Milesians (philosophers as Thales, Anaximenes, and Heraklitus). Like what Joy Harjo, a Native American writer, has demonstrated, “There is no such thing as one-way land bridge” (38), hylozoism depicts a biological circuit composed by human beings and other matters instead of a singularly human-centric dominance. This paper, based on a textual analysis of Joy Harjo’s (Muscogee Creek) poetry collections (A Map to the Next World and The Women Who Fell from the Sky), contends Harjo’s hylozoic configuration by three phases: the first phase lays on the diction of Harjo’s poems—how Harjo, in terms of morphology and figurative language, reveals a different ecological framework in comparison with the human-centered supremacy. Harjo’s denunciation against overculture —a scientific aura, will be the focal point of the second phase. Thirdly, in tune with hylozoism, Harjo perceives the weight/importance of all life forms which I coin with the term, “bio-weight” which outshines Harjo’s biological concern. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。