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| 題 名 | WTO服務貿易國內規章有關問題之探討=Domestic Regulation and Service Trade in WTO |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 張新平; | 書刊名 | 政大法學評論 |
| 卷 期 | 112 2009.12[民98.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁137-199 |
| 分類號 | 588.11 |
| 關鍵詞 | 世界貿易組織; 服務貿易總協定; 國內規章; 必要性; 公開化; World Trade Organization; WTO; General Agreement on Trade in Services; GATS; Domestic regulation; Necessity; Transparency; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 國內規章議題產生之爭議甚多,例如何謂國內規章?其範圍是否僅限於資格要件及程序、核照要件與程序、技術標準?僅適用於專門職業提供之服務?GATS規範國內規章之目的為何?是否侵犯會員立法自主權?國內規章是否要求自由化或民營化?會員之國內管制措施是否需經WTO有關部門或其他會員之核准?政府對公用事業之補貼是否不再被許可?國內規章是否需填載在承諾表中?國內規章準則所規範之措施是否包括「核照程序」?國內規章準則所規範者是否尚包括其他措施?國內規章準則是否規範所有層級政府所採行之措施?國內規章準則適用於已作成承諾之服務項目抑或所有服務項目?國內規章準則適用於特定之服務項目抑或所有服務項目?如何區別第六條第四項與第十六條以及第十七條之規定?國內規章準則是否需符合必要性?公開化之程度為何?等問題,這些爭議問題不但在會員間造成極大疑慮,實質上也影響到杜哈回合服務貿易談判之進展,因此國內規章有關問題之研析厥有必要。本文擬針對國內規章所生上述爭議問題提出探討。首先開宗明義界定GATS國內規章之意義,其次探究GATS規範國內規章之目的,接下來解析GATS第六條各項規定之意涵,最後探討在研擬國內規章準則時所產生之各項爭議問題,期能釐清國內規章及其準則談判時產生之疑義。 |
| 英文摘要 | The domestic regulation contained in Article 6 of GATS and its developments have been accompanied by a growing public debate about their substantive nature, benefits and detriments, which include, "inter alia", the definition, scope, and purpose of domestic regulation, and some ambiguous comments, such as "Article 6 is being strengthened with the aim of requiring Members to show that they are employing least trade-restrictive policies. The legal tests under consideration would outlaw the use of non-market mechanisms such as crosssubsidization, universal risk pooling, solidarity, and public accountability in the design, funding and delivery of public services as being anticompetitive and restrictive to trade." This paper discusses and analyses the legal dimension of domestic regulation. The first four sections analyze the definition, scope and purposes of domestic regulation. The fifth section discusses controversial issues involved in developing Disciplines on Domestic Regulation. This paper also aims to stimulate academic debate and clarify some ambiguous concepts. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。