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題名 | 從分裂到統一:德國家庭政策的轉型與啟示=From Division to Reunification:The Transformation of Family Policy in Germany and It’s Lesson |
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作者 | 陳素梅; Chen, Su-mei; |
期刊 | 靜宜人文社會學報 |
出版日期 | 20140700 |
卷期 | 8:2 2014.07[民103.07] |
頁次 | 頁57-99 |
分類號 | 544.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 西德家庭政策; 東德家庭政策; 德國家庭政策改革; 男性養家模式; 雙薪家庭模式; Family policy in GDR; Family policy in FRG; Reform of family policy in Germany; Male breadwinner model; Dual-earner model; |
中文摘要 | 德國統一以前,前西德與前西德在各自的意識形態下,有著截然不同的家庭政策。前西德家庭政策支持「男主外,女主內」的社會性別分工,是非常典型的「高度男性養家模式(strong breadwinner model)」。前東德則主張勞動不分性別,是「雙薪家庭模式(dual-earner model)」。兩德統一以後,德東德西家庭政策一致統一在保守政府下。這些年來隨著德國人口老化的壓力,以及紅綠聯盟取代保守的科爾(Kohl)政府開始執政,這種保守的家庭政策才在1998年開始有較明顯的轉型。本論文以文獻研究法,整理戰後迄今德國家庭政策的發展。首先分述前東西德的意識形態與家庭政策屬性;其次整理兩德在戰後到兩德統一、統一後直到1998 年政黨輪替,最後一個時期是從1998 年以後施洛德(Schroeder)主導的紅綠聯盟到2005 年迄今主政的梅克爾(Merkel)政府以來德國家庭政策的發展。透過上述三個時期家庭政策的整理,除了發現德國家庭政策從「高度的男性養家模式」轉型為「雙薪家庭模式」的發展外,也想透過觀察德國各種政策措施的應用、組合與改變,了解不同政策工具(instruments)的政策用意,為國內政策之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Before the German Reunification, two kinds of paradigms of family policy could be observed in Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West-Germany) and German Democratic Republic (GDR; East-Germany). In FRG the paradigm of family policy is the “strong male breadwinner model” under the ideology of welfare capitalism; in GDR, the “dual-earner model” under the ideology of socialism. Since the German Reunification, the family policy is ruled under the conservative party. The fertility rate in Germany has been stagnated in a very low level. The problem of the aged society forced the German government to reflect the conservative family policy. Generally speaking, the family policy under the Kohl Regime hasn’t changed much until 1998. Since 1998 Red-Green Coalition has begun to reform the family policy. This method of this research is literary research. First, the ideology and the development of family policy in GRD and FRG will be introduced. After that, three periods of time will be observed: from the time after World War II to German Reunification; from German Reunification to 1998; from 1998 to recent years. From the historical context there is a clear paradigm shift from “strong male breadwinner model” to “dual-earner model”. In this analysis the different political instruments of the family policy can be observed. Furthermore, the policy of Taiwan might can learn from the German experience. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。