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題名 | 火燒及植被對七星山土壤溫度及化學性質之影響=Effects of Fire and Vegetation Types on Soil Temperature and Chemistry at Chihsing Mountain, Taiwan |
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作者 | 王巧萍; 劉美娟; 林國銓; 王立志; Wang, Chiao-ping; Liu, Mei-chuan; Lin, Kuo-chuan; Wang, Lih-jih; |
期刊 | 臺灣林業科學 |
出版日期 | 20030300 |
卷期 | 18:1 2003.03[民92.03] |
頁次 | 頁43-54 |
分類號 | 436.193 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 火; 土壤溫度; 土壤化學; 五節芒; 天然闊葉林; 包籜矢竹林; Fire; Soil temperature; Soil chemistry; Grassland; Natural forest; Dwarf-bamboo; |
中文摘要 | 本試驗針對2001年7月七星山地區草原火災跡地與非火燒區之表土溫度做一監測,並比較該區三種優勢植群天然闊葉林、包籜矢竹林、五節芒草生地與火燒地土壤化學性質之差異,以瞭解火燒及不同植被對土壤化學性質的影響。結果顯示,火燒地表土日夜溫差達6.0℃,較闊葉林地者高4.5℃,然在芒草迅速更新下,此影響在火燒後4mo即已消失。火燒地土壤總體密度增高,pH值、可交換性陽離子濃度、CEC、鹽基飽和度等均降低,顯示此次火燒雖將試驗地之五節芒燒盡,但其土壤並未因灰燼之施肥效應使pH值及可交換性陽離子上升,反而可能因土壤裸露,在地形陡峭且降雨豐富之下,導致沖蝕加劇使土壤肥力下降。火燒地土壤碳氮濃度之大量減少,是否導原於土壤礦質化作用旺盛與降雨淋溶,有待更進一步研究。本試驗區為典型的火山灰土壤,土壤呈極強酸性,可交換性陽離子濃度與鹽基飽和度(<3%)極低,加以腐植質與活性鋁形成不易為微生物分解的複合物,造成大量有機質聚積,因此不同天然植被(芒草地與闊葉林)對土壤有機質、碳氮濃度及CEC之影響均不顯著。矢竹林地可能有採筍干擾使養分不斷隨竹筍移出,因而導致其可交換性陽離子濃度、CEC、鹽基飽和度、有機質及碳氮濃度均明顯低於芒草地與闊葉林。 |
英文摘要 | A grassland (Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb) at Chihsing Mountain, northern Taiwan, was burned in July 2001. Soil temperature at 5-cm depth of burned (burned grassland) and undisturbed (grassland and natural forest) sites was monitored. Soil chemical properties of the burned grassland, grassland, natural forest, and dwarf-bamboo (Pseudosassa usawai) sites were analyzed to reveal the effects of fire and vegetation types on soil chemistry. The variation of daily temperature in soil of the burned grassland was 6℃, which was 4.5℃ higher than that under a natural forest. However, this phenomenon disappeared within 4 mon due to fast regeneration of the grass. Increases in concentrations of nutrients arising from the additions of fine ash at the burned grassland were not observed in this study. Contrarily, burning increased the soil bulk density of the grassland and decreased the soil pH value, SOM, concentrations of exchangeable cations, CEC, and base saturation. Exposure of soils after fire in this steep area with abundant precipitation may lead to serious soil erosion and nutrient loss. Significant decreases in soil carbon and nitrogen contents were also found in the burned grassland. Determination of the loss of soil C and N caused by intensified mineralization of the organic matter needs further study. Soils from the study sites show the typical characteristics of an Andisol, being strongly acidic, with fewer exchangeable cations, a low base saturation (<3%), and an accumulation of soil organic matter with Al-compounds which are recalcitrant to decomposition. Therefore, the effects of vegetation types (grassland and natural forest) on the contents of SOM, TC, TN, and CEC were not significant. Since bamboo shoots are collected by local people, nutrients may be continuously removed from the site with bamboo resulting in lower concentrations of exchangeable cations, CEC, and SOM compared to the undisturbed grassland and natural forest. |
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