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題名 | 「都賦」淺探--「兩都賦」「兩京賦」「三都賦」的異同研析=An Analysis to the Three City Odes--Similarities and Differences among Two-Capital Ode, Two-City Ode, and Three-Capital Ode |
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作者 | 陳淑卿; Chen, Shu-ching; |
期刊 | 臺北市立師範學院學報 |
出版日期 | 20021200 |
卷期 | 33 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁次 | 頁485-498 |
分類號 | 821.92 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 兩都賦; 兩京賦; 三都賦; 漢代; |
中文摘要 | 班固因鑑於東漢海內清平,朝廷無事,修宮室、起苑囿,日漸奢靡腐化,乃作〈兩都賦〉以為諷諫。全文以大賦鋪陳誇張的手法描述,首篇明褒西都地勢之險阻雄偉,宮室之崔巍華麗,腋庭椒房之逸樂,畋獵娛遊之奢靡,實則暗諷其「俯仰極樂」奢侈腐化。後為東都,則不以地形宮闕田獵取勝,而代之以「奢不可踰,儉不能侈」之教化。「班憲度,昭節儉」推行法治仁政為主調!「兩都賦」要旨對比的精髓,就是在「……徒習秦阿房之造天,而不知京洛之有制也,識函谷之可關,而不知王者之無外也!」這幾句文字概括說明。 張衡也是認為當時天下承平已久,朝政日漸奢侈浮華,乃參考班固的〈兩都賦〉而作〈兩京賦〉,警告當局;描寫西京驕奢淫逸的狀況,易引發民怨,更在「東京賦」後段,強調「水可載舟,才能覆舟」。但張衡的用詞遺句,較班固更誇張、更揚厲,尤其思維敏銳,如所形容宮中祛災祈福的儀式:「爾乃卒歲大探儺,毆除群厲。方相稟鉞,巫覡操莉。侲子萬重,……神荼副焉,對操索葦。……」一段,較班固所說:「……於是薦三犧,效五牲,禮神祇,懷百靈。」更渲染、更玄虛得多了! 左思則因不滿上述各賦的過份誇張虛妄,立意「依其本,本其實」,想作〈三都賦〉以為糾正。可是,辭賦虛妄誇張和諷諫的傳統本質,仍然無法掙脫。〈三都賦〉中以「嵬嶷嶢屼,?冥鬱岪。」形容山勢險巇。以「澒溶沆。莫測其深。」形容水的壯闊無邊,就非常鋪陳誇張。以「疊華樓而島峙,時髣?於方壺。」形容皇室漁獵,與斑張二人所寫「登玉輅,乘時龍。」和「天子乃駕雕移,六駿駮。」的畋獵方式,雖不同調,但所形容窮奢極侈的排場,和享樂無度的荒淫,并無二致。因之,三位作者的作品內容,無論寫作主題、動機、技巧,皆有同有異,本篇乃根據各種文獻,予以逐項探析、研賞。 |
英文摘要 | This paper introduces and comments on three odes, a kind of verse written in ancient China. The first one, Two-Capital Ode, composed by Ban-Gu (32-92 AD), described two capitals: Chang-An and Luo-Yang. Chang-An, located geographically west, was a beautiful capital with glamorous palaces and luxurious life, which had led to the fall of West Han (206 BC-23 AD). East Han (25-220 AD) was forced to move east to Luo-Yang, where existed houses were plain and life was simple. When the monarch began to build luxurious palaces in the new city under huge budgets, Ban-Gu wrote this ode to criticize such a constuctin and gave suggestions that the emperor should rule the country with constitutions and take a simpler life to ensure the prosperity of the country. The second one, Two-City Ode, produced by Chang-Heng (78-139 AD), followed a similar style and gave the same advice as the Two-Capital Ode but with a more exaggerating tone. The third ode, Three-Capital Ode, written by Tzuo-Sz (around 249-316 AD), also followed the similar style to the previous two odes, but he described the three different capitals in Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD): Luo-yang, Cheng-Du, and Jian-Ye. This paper gives a very detailed analysis on the similarities and differences, also with inspiring comments on the motivation of the three authors, of these three odes. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。