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題名 | 考慮改善成本製程平均損失模式=Process Improvement Capability Analysis Based on Expected Process Loss |
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作者 | 彭文理; 陳坤盛; Pearn, W. L.; Chen, K. S.; |
期刊 | 中國統計學報 |
出版日期 | 19970600 |
卷期 | 35:2 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁151-160 |
分類號 | 494.56 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 製程平均損失; 目標值; 最佳估計量; Expected process loss; Target value; Best estimator; |
中文摘要 | 符合規格就是好品質是我們對品質的傳統觀念。近年來,由於受到日本的影響, 品質觀念有了顯著的改變。田口先生將品質界定為〞製造或使用產品所引起的社會損失〞 ;也就是說一個產品從生產到被使用,不管其品質如何都或多或少會對社會造成一些損失, 所以會導致一定社會成本的付出 (見 Phadke(1989) )。 根據品質與損失的關係, Taguchi (1985,1986) 提出一個二次損失函數來估算產品的品質損失。Boyles(1991) 指出此二次損 損失函數的期望值 (即製程平均損失 ) 可用來衡量一個製程的製程能力; 平均損失愈小則 製程能力愈大,反之則愈小。Phadke (1989) 更進一步的分析構成製程品質平均損失的兩個 部份為:(A) k( μ -T) �插A即製程平均數μ偏離目標值 T 所造成的損失; (B) k σ�揮Y 製程變異所造成的損失。 一般而言,降低(μ -T) �揚�所花的成本比較低,而降低σ�揚� 所花的成本比較高。很顯然的,二次損失函數的期望值雖然可用來衡量製程能力,但在衡量 改進一個製程能力的潛力 (難易度 ) 時顯然較不足。 本文特別針對這個問題提出一個考慮 改善成本的製程平均損失模式來衡量改進一個製程能力的潛力,同時對這個模式提出一個最 佳估計量。 |
英文摘要 | Whether the products conformed to the manufacturing specifications has been long time the traditional guideline for judging good and bad products. Recently, the philosophy on quality has been changed in the quality world since Japanese' concept on quality was introduced. Taguchi has defined the quality level of a product to be the total loss incurred to the society due to the failure of the target performance resulting with harmful side effects of the product including its operating cost (Phadke (1989)). Based on the relationship of quality and loss, Taguchi (1985, 1986) introduced a quadratic loss function for the evaluation of product quality. Boyles (1991) indicated that the expected quadratic loss can be used to measure process capability. If the expected loss decreases, then the process capability increases. Phadke (1989) pointed out that the average quality loss includes the following two factors: (A) k( μ -T) �� resulting from the deviation of the process mean μ from the target; (B) k σ �� resulting from the deviation of the quality characteristic X from the process mean. In general, the cost for reducing (μ -T) �� is smaller than that for reducing σ��. Thus, the expected process loss is appropriate for measuring process capability, but it is inappropriate for measuring process improvement capability. In this papaer, we propose a new measurement method based on the expected process loss incorporating with the actual improvement cost to evaluate the process improvement capability. We also consider an efficient estimator for this measurement. |
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