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題名 | 網路中無體商品交易之民法相關問題--以線上遞送付費商業電腦軟體為例=Legal Aspects of Online Transaction: A Study of Commercial Software Download through Internet |
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作者 | 吳瑾瑜; Wu, Jiin-yu; |
期刊 | 政大法學評論 |
出版日期 | 20030600 |
卷期 | 74 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁次 | 頁61-109 |
分類號 | 584.382 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 無體商品; 數位化商品; 線上交易; 電腦軟體; 電腦病毒; 物; 授權契約; 買賣契約; 危險移轉; 瑕疵擔保責任; 不完全給付債務不履行責任; 侵權責任; Intangible; Digitized products; Online transaction; Computer software; Computer virus; Property; License agreement; Sales agreement; Risk of loss; Warranty & representation; Default; Torts; |
中文摘要 | 隨著電子商務如風行草偃般興起,線上無體商品交易日趨頻繁之際,其所衍生的法律問題亦接踵而至。本文以付費商業電腦軟體為例,依循現行民法之架構,參酌德國學說實務的發展,針對線上無體商品交易之契約性質、無體標的物之移轉交付、危機移轉、瑕疵擔保、不完全給付及交易客體夾帶病毒所生損害賠償責任等相關問題為探討,並藉此回應傳統民法面對千變萬化的網路科技,其規範是否不足的問題。 線上付費商業電腦軟體交易的契約性質,與電腦軟體在法律上的定位,有密切關係。無論是否承認電腦軟體為物,線上交易絕非國內論者常謂的授權或無名契約,而應屬買賣規定規範的範疇,至少可類推適用相關規定。線上遞送或下載方式,縱與傳統民法中的移轉交付不同,然而並非未有類似有體物的移轉交付,就不能發生法律上的移轉交付。無體無形的網路傳輸,既然亦能冷買受人取得對標的物之事實上管領力,危險移轉時間點的確立,即可依民法現有原則處理。在瑕庛擔保責任方面,線上付費商業電腦軟體交易屬種類之債,買受人得請求另行交付無瑕疵之物;至於解除契約後的回復原狀義務,重點不在於返還受領的標的物,而係返還使用軟體的權利。標的物夾帶病毒時,買受人所受的損害,通常是電腦硬體受損、檔案資料遭篡改刪除等固有利益的損害。就該等損害,買受人有多種求償的可能性。惟檔案資料的法律性質與如何量化計算此類損害的賠償金額,尚待學說實務的發展加以確定之。總結來說,至少就線上付費電腦軟體交易而言,民法捉襟見肘或適用上扞格難入的說法,實乃不經之談。 |
英文摘要 | The following essay addresses some of the legal difficulties and issues surrounding the so-called "online transaction" with its focus on the commercial software download. This class of transaction gives rise to a number of legal questions, partly common to all download shopping activities and partly unique to the downloading of software. First, is the downloaded software, as opposed to software delivered on a medium like a disk, an article of property? Based on the first question, some other issues arise. Second, when is the possession transferred? Third, when is the risk of a defective product borne by the downloader? Fourth, a further difficulty arises in classifying the nature of the contract underpinning the downloading transaction. The last issue addressed in this essay is that of distributing the liabilities of software when contaminated by so-called "viruses". The intricacy of the issues listed above has led some scholars to believe that the general provisions of the civil code are inadequate to cope with this new field of law (both for the speed of its development and for the nature of its subject matter). In its final result analysis, this essay, however, argues that those scholars' beliefs are erroneous. It further indicates that the rules of the civil code are fully capable of overcoming all of the above difficulties with necessary flexibility to accommodate future developments. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。