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| 題 名 | 枯草桿菌菌體及其代謝產物對病原真菌之抑菌效果評估=Evaluation of the Inhibition Activity of Bacillus Subtilis-based Products and Their Related Metabolites Against Pathogenic Fungi in Taiwan |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 謝奉家; 李美珍; 高穗生; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
| 卷 期 | 45:2 2003.06[民92.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁155-162 |
| 分類號 | 433.4 |
| 關鍵詞 | 枯草桿菌; 抑菌活性; 殺菌劑; 半數抑菌濃度; Bacillus subtilis; Fungicide; Inhibition activity; 50% inhibition concentration; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 許多重要的植物病害均是由土壤或根圈真菌所引起(21),已有研究人員利用土壤微生物間的拮抗作用,研發抑制真菌生長的生物防治藥劑,應用於田間防治(4, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23)。目前在自然界雖已篩選出一些具有殺菌活性的微生物,例如,假單胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、木黴菌(Trichoderma sp.)與放線菌(Streptomyces sp.)等,但真正進入市場的產品仍不多(2, 7, 14, 16, 19)。枯草桿菌屬革蘭氏陽性,好氣性桿狀細菌,具週生鞭毛及內生孢子為其形態上主要特徵,此類細菌普遍存在於土壤及植物體表,在食品、飼料添加物、酵素、種子保護劑等生技產業發展應用已有多年(1, 2),為一般認定屬於安全性之有益微生物種類(1, 3)。由於可以產生內生孢子,在逆境下易於存活,且在產孢過程中,可產生對多種病原菌具有抑制作用之抗生物質(antibiotic substance)(2, 3, 19),因而在植物病害防治應用性之開發,多年來備受重視。枯草桿菌對病原真菌和細菌具有拮抗作用,已有文獻報告枯草桿菌可產生許多代謝產物和抗生物質,其中至少有66種不同的抗生物質(2, 11, 19),有些產品已鑑定出一種稱為"iturin A"的拮抗物質(2, 15),此化合物會與病原真菌細胞膜的固醇分子(sterol)作用形成複合物,因而使得離子傳導孔隙增大,改變細胞膜的滲透性,鉀離子迅速流出,進而導致病原真菌菌絲分解並抑制孢子發芽(2, 12, 15),達到防治病害的效果。 |
| 英文摘要 | Many fungicides are being removed from the commercial market because they do not readily degrade in natural systems and/or they leave potentially hazardous residues in food and feed products. This has created a demand for safer products to prevent or delay the development of fungicide resistance or to reduce the risk of chemical pollution. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using Bacillus subtilis (Bs), a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, as a biocontrol agent because of its ability to antagonize pathogens and repress plant diseases. In 2001, the first Taiwan domestic commercial biofungicide was registered for the control of pea powdery mildew. Bacillus subtilis has also been used to control soil-borne fungal pathogens under greenhouse conditions and in the field. However, there has been no report on comparisons of bioactivities among Bs-based products. We first established a bioassay method for Bs-based products on the basis of their inhibition activity against plant pathogens. Then, the bioactivities of 3 Bs-based products to 6 pathogenic fungi were individually tested. We report herein that only 1 Bs-based product was highly effective. These results show that the quality of these 3 Bs-based products is variable. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。