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題名 | 新聞事實的路標--新聞教科書如何界定事實報導=Journalistic Account of Social Reality: A Linguistic Analysis of Knowledge Representation in Journalism Textbooks |
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作者 | 紀慧君; Chi, Huei-chun; |
期刊 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
出版日期 | 19991000 |
卷期 | 9:4 1999.10[民88.10] |
頁次 | 頁608-621 |
分類號 | 891 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 典範; 符號融合理論; 新聞教科書; 語言; Paradigm; Symbolic convergence theory; Journalism textbook; Language; |
中文摘要 | 教科書提供某種觀點與視野,賦予該學門認知真實時的特定看法。新聞教科書提 出新聞知識的規範與理想型態,分析新聞教科書如何界定事實,可以讓我們探知社會對新聞 工作者與新聞行業的期待,也可對新聞事實的本質有更進一步了解。本文採取典範與符號融 合理論做為基本預設,指出新聞教科書為新聞社群所建構共享的事實觀,並以完美、負面與 階層概念分析教科書如何建立一套道德規約,形成內在監視系統,使人們產生向上的趨力。 研究分析結果顯示,新聞教科書大抵上視普遍性和客觀性的知識呈現為報導事實時的認可方 式。換言之,知識的有效性並非來自記者本身,而是來自記者對既存事物觀察與記錄的結果 。新聞教科書提出一種優勢主張,認為知識的有效性經由方法決定,方法的客觀性便能保證 結果的一致性、可重複性與可驗證性。教科書呈現的知識通常是社會一般認可的知識,而新 聞教科書提示某些語言機制以標示所報導的是事實或非事實,像是新聞中的路標,讓所指涉 的現象具有「事實」的權威性。 |
英文摘要 | Textbooks often frame specific ways ofconceptualizing reality by providing certain perspectives and visions for people in certain profession. Journalism textbooks render shared norms of journalistic knowledge and the ideal types of journalistic conduct. By analyzing how journalism textbooks delimit the representation of reality, we may reach an understanding of the essence of journalistic representation of social reality and the social expectation on the journalistic profession. Drawing from the concept of paradigm and symbolic convergence theory, this article mainly analyzes how journalism textbooks construct shared rhetorical visions of reality for journalists. By employing the concepts of perfection, negativity and hierarchy, this article further analyzes how journalism textbooks establish a set of code of ethics among journalists to regulate journalistic conduct. The analysis indicates that journalism textbooks prevalently advocate the efficacy of universal and objective knowledge representation in reporting social events. The validity of journalistic knowledge stems from the outcome of journalists' observation and account of social reality rather than from journalists themselves. Journalism textbooks further proclaim that the validity of knowledge is determined by the method. The objectivity of the method warrants consistency, repetibility and testability. Often the knowledge presented in textbooks is regarded as socially approved. Like road signs, linguistic mechanisms suggested in journalism textbooks legitimize the journalistic account of social reality. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。