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| 題 名 | 〈墨辯〉思維方法探析=On the Methods of Thinking in Mo-bian |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 李賢中; | 書刊名 | 哲學與文化 |
| 卷 期 | 29:7=338 2002.07[民91.07] |
| 頁 次 | 頁596-606+677-678 |
| 分類號 | 121.4 |
| 關鍵詞 | 墨辯; 名辯; 科學; 倫理; 思維方法; Mo-bian; Logic; Science; Ethics; Methods of thinking; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文探討〈墨辯〉中名辯思想、科學思想及倫理思想的思維方法,展示其慣性思路形式、類同的發問方式以及其思想的基本結構。其中名、辭、說、辯不僅是名辯思想的理論基本架構,也是〈墨辯〉以〈說〉解〈經〉的思想發展形式。科學思想的思維方法包含:體系定義法、相對取捨法、分合併用法、分類例證法及擴充觀察法,這些方法彼此相關,交互運用。〈墨辯〉倫理思想的思維方法包括:情境構作與情境處理。其倫理情境範圍著眼於天下,情境中的人際關係常處於緊張狀態,需要權衡利害,並看重行為主體的動機。行事為人以「義」為原則,以興天下之利。本文指出,〈墨辯〉的名辯思想是工具,科學思想是應用,倫理思想是價值導向。科學、倫理都需要名辯為工具以認知、表達;科學思想呈現物質事實,而倫理思想則導引科學思想的進展。〈墨辯〉思維方法的研究將有助於墨學及中國哲學的未來發展。 |
| 英文摘要 | In this paper, the writer will explore the methods of logical, scientific and ethical thinking in Mo-bian, to show its habitual way of thinking, the analogous way of asking, and the basic structure of thought. Among those methods, name (ming), statement (tsu), reasoning (shui), and dialectic (bian) not only constitute the basic structure of logical thinking but also develop a way to explain Ching in terms of Shui. The ways of scientific thinking consist of defining systems, choosing one rather than the other, analyzing with generalization, assorting, exemplifying, and extensive observing. All the methods above are related and can work on one anther. The ethical ways of thinking in Mo-bian include the framing and treating of situations. The whole world is taken into the account of the ethical situation; people in the situation are often in tension with each other and have to differentiate between what is beneficial and what is harmful. Besides, the motivation can't be neglected either. Anything we do has to be in accordance with the principle of "righteousness" to the benefit of the world. In the end, the writer will point out: in Mo-bian, logical thinking is the instrument, scientific thinking is the application, and ethical thinking is the direction of values. Both science and ethics need logic as the instrument to know and to express; scientific thinking presents things as they really are; and ethical thinking directs the progression of scientific thinking. To study the methods of thinking in Mobian can boost the progression of Mohism and Chinese philosophy in the future. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。