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題 名 | 草本植物在強風下之破壞行為評估=Assessment of Herbaceous Plant Failure in High Winds |
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作 者 | 張倉榮; 李昌益; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 47:4 2001.12[民90.12] |
頁 次 | 頁67-76 |
分類號 | 433.13 |
關鍵詞 | 植物破壞; 伏倒; 強風; 草本植物; 小麥; 水稻; Plant failure; Lodging; High winds; Herbaceous plants; Wheat; Rice; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究藉由基本力學理論進行植物二質量系統破壞模式之發展,探討草本植物在強風下之破壞行為,瞭解草本植物因強風造成莖部伏倒、根部伏倒及連根拔起等之原因,以改良目前廣泛使用的植物懸臂樑力學系統僅能模擬莖部伏倒之限制。本研究利用模式計算強風下草本植物之彎曲力矩,評估彎曲力矩與莖部及根部破壞力矩,求得植物破壞時之風速及部位。伏倒過程中植物之特性及土壤性質影響最鉅,包括植物之受風面積、重心高度、振動頻率、枝幹數量、莖部直徑、莖部厚度、莖部破壞應力、根盤直徑、根盤深度、土壤基本性質及根盤系統質量等;另外氣象條件亦是影響伏倒之原因,尤其是風速與降雨這兩項重要因子。本研究並與前人之水稻風洞實驗結果進行比較與驗證,其平均相對誤差在16%以下。本研究以最常見之草本植物—小麥及水稻為例,分別探討並比較其破壞時之風速及部位。就風速而言,小麥及水稻破壞時之風速各為21 ms⁻¹及18 ms⁻¹。而就其破壞部位而言,水稻之莖部破壞力矩比小麥高出許多,主要原因是水稻底部莖部較為粗壯所致;水稻大多由根部先行破壞之原因是其土壤含水量較高,造成土壤剪應力降低所致。 |
英文摘要 | A mechanical model based on a two-mass system for herbaceous plants is developed for assessment of plant failure in high winds. The model enables us to investigate the possible plant failure modes like stem failure, root failure, and uprooting, and is better than the commonly used plant failure model in terms of a cantilever beam system. The model is used to investigate the behavior of isolated herbaceous plants in high winds by calculating base bending moments. The result is then used in stem base and root failure criteria to estimate failure wind speeds. The plants and soil parameters are of great importance in lodging process, including the plant's ear area, shoot's center of gravity height, dry natural frequency, plant's shoot number, stem base radius, wall thickness, failure yield stress, root plate diameter, structural rooting depth, soil characteristic and root-soil plate mass. The meteorological factors influencing lodging are wind speeds and rainfalls. The simulated results show that the relative error is within 16%, which is in good agreement with the published experimental data of rice failure in wind tunnels. The present research further conducts a series of assessment for commonly seen herbaceous plants such as wheat and rice. It is concluded that the failure wind speeds for wheat and rice are 21 and 18 ms⁻¹ , respectively. The stem bending moment of rice is higher than that of wheat because the rice stem is sturdier. The root failure of rice, however, may occur since the higher soil water content in rice field causes the soil shearing stress to be reduced. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。