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題 名 | 某耐火磚作業環境粉塵粒徑分布及勞工暴露之探討=Study on Particle Size and Dust Exposure in the Refractory Brick Manufacturing Environment |
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作 者 | 林洺秀; 蘇麗芳; 葉文裕; 蔡朋枝; | 書刊名 | 勞工安全衛生研究季刊 |
卷 期 | 9:3 2001.09[民90.09] |
頁 次 | 頁321-333 |
分類號 | 412.78 |
關鍵詞 | 耐火磚; 可吸入性及可呼吸性粉塵; 防塵防護具; Refractory brick; Inhalable and respirable particles; Protection mask; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 國內耐火磚工廠,一般產有定型耐火磚及不定型耐火泥。一般耐火之製程為礦料粉碎-下料、稱重配料-混和攪拌-成型-烘乾-鍛燒-冷卻-包裝;不定型耐火泥之製程為礦料粉碎-下料、稱重配料-混和攪料-裝袋。根據勞工安全衛生研究所87年度針對國內7家耐火磚工廠實際進行區域採樣量測可呼吸性類塵濃度及結晶型游離二氧化矽含量,發現60%樣本超過法定容許濃度。本研究針對國內某一耐火磚廠進行吸入性粉塵、可呼吸性粉塵之個人採樣及Marple八段分徑採樣器之採樣,以了解勞工暴露情形、徑粉塵之分布情況,進而提供個人防護選用之參考。 結果顯示,個人粉塵暴露調查方面,可吸入性粉塵濃度值以包裝區之勞工暴露平均值50.98mg/m3最高,各製程之勞工暴露度值遠超過美國法令之規範標準值。可呼吸性粉塵方面,以混合區之勞工暴露平均值5.84 mg/m3最高,相較國內勞工作業環境空氣中有害物容許濃度標準之規定,若以第四種厭惡性粉塵視之,則大多符合法令上限值5 mg/m3之規範;但若以第二種含結晶型游離二氧化矽粉塵規範,則遠超過容許上限1 mg/m3之規定。Marple八階分徑採樣方面,其質量中位氣動直徑值為7.78~15.01微米,以軋碎區最高,包裝區次之。另就混合區、成型區、包裝區的勞工可呼吸性粉塵與可吸入性粉塵百分比值而言,由八階分徑採樣器所得粒徑分布推算之可呼吸性與可吸入性粉塵濃度比值(Cresp/Cinh),與該製程個人採樣結果之(Cresp/Cinh)值相比,兩者之相關係數為0.8423。經調查該廠粉塵粒徑分布後,建議勞工該選用N95列之單一濾片/四片之一面體形成或二片濾片/半面體式之防塵防護具。 |
英文摘要 | Products of refractory bricks manufactured in Taiwan, generally, are molded refractory bricks and non-molding refractory slurry. Manufacturing processes of molded refractory bricks consist of crushing raw materials, pouring raw materials, mixing, molding, drying, burning, cooling and packaging. Manufacturing steps of non-molding refractory slurry are crushing raw materials, pouring raw materials, mixing and packaging. According to a 1998 IOSH study of 7 refractory brick manufactories, 60% of the worker exposed to the respirable free silica particles exceeds the permissible exposure. In order to understand the worker exposure in a refractory brick manufactory in Taiwan, particle size distribution and proper selection of personal protection equipment, this study focused on the personal sampling of respirable and inhalable particles, and on the size distribution measurement. For inhalable particles, the highest concentration of worker personal exposure in packaging process is 50.985 mg/m3. The value fax exceeds the regulation of the United States. For respirable particulate, the highest concentration of worker personal exposure in mixing process is 5.845 mg/m3. If they are considered as the fourth category nuisance dust, comparing to the PEL value of Taiwan labor regulation, most of them meet the regulation limit of 5 5 mg/m3. If they are condidered as the second category silica contained dust, the measurements highly exceed the regulation limit of 1 mg/m3. For Marple impactor, the results show that the mass median aerodynamic diameters are between 7.78 to 15.01 μm. The maximum mass median aerodynamic diameter is in crushing area, followed by packaging area. The correlation coefficient of Cresp/Cinh between that measured using the Marple impactor and that measured using personal samplers is 0.8423. Based on the measured particle concentration and size distribution, workers should use N95 series single filter/quarter facial or double filters/half facial dust protection mask. |
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