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題 名 | Sialic Acid in Human Milk: Composition and Functions=母乳中之唾液酸(Sialic Acid):組成與機能 |
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作 者 | 中野拓; 菅原牧裕; 川上浩; | 書刊名 | 臺灣兒科醫學會雜誌 |
卷 期 | 42:1 民90.01-02 |
頁 次 | 頁11-17 |
分類號 | 411.374 |
關鍵詞 | 母乳; 唾液酸; Breast milk; Sialic acid; Sialyllactose; Ganglioside; GM[feb0]; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 母乳對於乳兒來說,是最適當的營養來源。在母乳中,含有乳兒之成長或發育所需要的全部成份。唾液酸在母乳中比牛乳所含的更多。乳中之唾液酸、寡糖、糖脂質或糖蛋白質,被認爲對相關生理機能能扮演著重要之角色。因此,我們針對母乳中之唾液酸的組成以及唾液酸的生理機能加以檢討。唾液酸所含成份,是由神經胺酸(Neuraminic Acid)之誘導體所構成,而存在於哺乳類之分泌液、體液及組織內。乳中之唾液酸,系以寡糖、糖脂質、糖蛋白質等之唾液酸結合物的構成成份而存在,幷無游離狀態之存在。母乳中含有0.3-1.5mg/ml之唾液酸,其中約75%爲寡糖型之唾液酸。含有最主要唾液酸之寡糖爲唾液乳糖(Sialyllactose),具有唾液酸結合到乳糖之構造。含有唾液酸之糖脂質稱爲神經節配醣(Ganglioside),在乳中主要有單唾液神經節配醣(Monosialoganglioside)3(GM3)以及雙唾液神經節配糖(Disialoganglioside)3(GD3)存在。母乳中之神經節配醣的濃度隨著泌乳期的經過,GM3濃度會增加,但GD3濃度則減少。唾液酸以神經節配醣或糖蛋白質的構成成份,在腦或中樞神經系統所含特別多,因此唾液酸被認爲對于這些組織之機能的發現或發育扮演著重要之角色。尤其在新生兒期唾液酸之合成能力較弱,動物實驗中將唾液酸經口或腹膜內投與,故意使腦中之神經,配醣或糖蛋白質增加的話,認爲提高了學習能力。再者,我們發現某鍾之唾液酸含有成份會阻礙病原體(病毒、細菌及細菌毒素)對上皮細胞之附著。而且,我們也發現具有促進腸內之兩叉形菌(Bifidobacteria)增殖之效果。因此,可以推斷母乳中之唾液酸具有防止乳換之未成熟消化管被病原菌感染之作用。 |
英文摘要 | Breast milk is the best nutrient source for infants. It contains all elements needed for a normal growth and development of infants. Human milk contains a large amount of sialic acid compared with bovine milk. Sialic acid contained in oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins in milk is considered to play important roles in physiological functions in infancy. Thus, we have investigated the sialic acid composition and the functions of sialylated compounds in human milk. Sialic acids comprise a family of neuraminic acid derivatives present in secretions, fluids and tissues of mammals. In milk, sialic acid is present in different sialoglycoconjugate compounds such as oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins, not in a free form. Human milk contains 0.3-1.5 mg/ml of sialic acid. Sialic acid bound to oligosaccharides accounts for about 75% of the total sialic acid contained in human milk. Most of the sialic acid contained in human milk is found in the form of sialyllactose, an oligosaccharide formed from lactose and sialic acid. In milk, gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycolipid, occur mainly as monosialoganglioside 3 (GM3) and disialoganglioside 3 (GD3). The concentration of GM3 in human milk increases, while that of GD3 concentration decreases during lactation. Because the brain and central nervous system contain considerable level of sialic acid in infancy, it is considered to play important roles on the expression and development of their functions. Moreover, we found that some sialylated compounds had inhibited the adhesion of toxins, bacteria and viruses to the receptors on the surface of epithelial cells. Additionally, we found that some sialylated compounds had growth-promoting effects on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, predominantly present in the intestinal flora of infants fed with human milk. The results suggested that sialylated compounds in human milk possibly behaved as a physiological component in the intestinal tract of infants to protect them against enteric infections. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。